Добавить авто-регистрацию тикетов (hash/dedupe/500/WS). Refs EventHub/EventHubBack#35

include/records.hrl

@@ -210,14 +210,15 @@
   error_hash      :: binary(),
   error_message   :: binary(),
   stacktrace      :: binary(),
-  context         :: binary(),                % ← новое поле (term_to_binary)
+  context         :: binary(),
   count           :: non_neg_integer(),
   first_seen      :: calendar:datetime(),
   last_seen       :: calendar:datetime(),
   status          :: open | in_progress | resolved | closed,
   assigned_to     :: binary(),
   resolution_note :: binary(),
-  closed_at       :: calendar:datetime() | undefined
+  closed_at       :: calendar:datetime() | undefined,
+  source          :: binary()   % <<"backend">> | <<"frontend">> | <<"manual">>
 }).
 
 %% ------------------- Подписки ----------------------------------------

src/core/core_ticket.erl

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ create_ticket(Data) ->
   ErrorMessage = maps:get(<<"error_message">>, Data),
   Stacktrace   = maps:get(<<"stacktrace">>, Data, <<>>),
   Context      = maps:get(<<"context">>, Data, ?DEFAULT_CONTEXT),
+  Source       = maps:get(<<"source">>, Data, <<"backend">>),
   Id = infra_utils:generate_id(16),
   Now = calendar:universal_time(),
   Ticket = #ticket{
@@ -44,7 +45,8 @@ create_ticket(Data) ->
     status          = open,
     assigned_to     = ?DEFAULT_ASSIGNED_TO,
     resolution_note = ?DEFAULT_RESOLUTION_NOTE,
-    closed_at       = ?DEFAULT_CLOSED_AT
+    closed_at       = ?DEFAULT_CLOSED_AT,
+    source          = Source
   },
   F = fun() -> mnesia:write(Ticket), {ok, Ticket} end,
   case mnesia:transaction(F) of

src/handlers/admin/admin_handler_tickets.erl

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ trails() ->
     tags => [<<"Tickets">>],
     parameters => [
       #{name => <<"status">>, in => <<"query">>, schema => #{type => string, enum => [<<"open">>, <<"in_progress">>, <<"resolved">>, <<"closed">>]}, description => <<"Filter by status">>},
+      #{name => <<"source">>, in => <<"query">>, schema => #{type => string, enum => [<<"backend">>, <<"frontend">>, <<"manual">>]}, description => <<"Filter by source">>},
       #{name => <<"assigned_to">>, in => <<"query">>, schema => #{type => string}, description => <<"Filter by assigned admin ID">>},
       #{name => <<"q">>, in => <<"query">>, schema => #{type => string}, description => <<"Search in error_message">>},
       #{name => <<"sort">>, in => <<"query">>, schema => #{type => string, enum => [<<"first_seen">>, <<"last_seen">>, <<"status">>]}, description => <<"Sort field">>},
@@ -65,7 +66,8 @@ ticket_schema() ->
       last_seen => #{type => string, format => <<"date-time">>},
       status => #{type => string, enum => [<<"open">>, <<"in_progress">>, <<"resolved">>, <<"closed">>]},
       assigned_to => #{type => string, nullable => true},
-      resolution_note => #{type => string, nullable => true}
+      resolution_note => #{type => string, nullable => true},
+      source => #{type => string, enum => [<<"backend">>, <<"frontend">>, <<"manual">>]}
     }
   }.
 
@@ -144,22 +146,31 @@ parse_ticket_filters(Req) ->
   Qs = cowboy_req:parse_qs(Req),
   #{
     status => proplists:get_value(<<"status">>, Qs),
+    source => proplists:get_value(<<"source">>, Qs),
     assigned_to => proplists:get_value(<<"assigned_to">>, Qs),
     q => proplists:get_value(<<"q">>, Qs)
   }.
 
 apply_ticket_filters(Tickets, Filters) ->
   Assigned = maps:get(assigned_to, Filters, undefined),
+  Source = maps:get(source, Filters, undefined),
   Q = maps:get(q, Filters, undefined),
-  F1 = case Assigned of
+  F0 = case Source of
          undefined -> Tickets;
-         _ -> [T || T <- Tickets, T#ticket.assigned_to =:= Assigned]
+         _ -> [T || T <- Tickets, ticket_source(T) =:= Source]
+       end,
+  F1 = case Assigned of
+         undefined -> F0;
+         _ -> [T || T <- F0, T#ticket.assigned_to =:= Assigned]
        end,
   case Q of
     undefined -> F1;
     _ -> [T || T <- F1, string:str(binary_to_list(T#ticket.error_message), binary_to_list(Q)) > 0]
   end.
 
+ticket_source(#ticket{source = S}) when is_binary(S), S =/= <<>> -> S;
+ticket_source(_) -> <<"backend">>.
+
 sort_tickets(Tickets, #{sort := Sort, order := Order}) ->
   Field = binary_to_existing_atom(Sort, utf8),
   lists:sort(

src/handlers/handler_tickets.erl

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 %%% GET  – получить список тикетов.
 %%%        Администраторы видят все тикеты,
 %%%        обычные пользователи – только свои.
-%%% POST – создать новый тикет об ошибке.
+%%% POST – создать/дедуплицировать тикет об ошибке через logic_ticket:report_error.
 %%% @end
 %%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
 -module(handler_tickets).
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ trails() ->
     #{  % POST create
       path        => <<"/v1/tickets">>,
       method      => <<"POST">>,
-      description => <<"Create a new ticket (bug report)">>,
+      description => <<"Create or bump a ticket (bug report / frontend error)">>,
       tags        => [<<"Tickets">>],
       requestBody => #{
         required => true,
@@ -57,14 +57,16 @@ trails() ->
           properties => #{
             error_message => #{type => string},
             stacktrace    => #{type => string},
-            context       => #{type => string}
+            context       => #{type => object},
+            source        => #{type => string, enum => [<<"frontend">>, <<"manual">>]}
           }
         }}}
       },
       responses => #{
-        201 => #{description => <<"Ticket created">>},
+        201 => #{description => <<"Ticket created or updated">>},
         400 => #{description => <<"Missing required fields or invalid JSON">>},
-        401 => #{description => <<"Unauthorized">>}
+        401 => #{description => <<"Unauthorized">>},
+        429 => #{description => <<"Rate limited">>}
       }
     }
   ].
@@ -84,7 +86,8 @@ ticket_schema() ->
       last_seen       => #{type => string, format => <<"date-time">>},
       status          => #{type => string, enum => [<<"open">>, <<"in_progress">>, <<"resolved">>, <<"closed">>]},
       assigned_to     => #{type => string, nullable => true},
-      resolution_note => #{type => string, nullable => true}
+      resolution_note => #{type => string, nullable => true},
+      source          => #{type => string, enum => [<<"backend">>, <<"frontend">>, <<"manual">>]}
     }
   }.
 
@@ -118,21 +121,23 @@ list_tickets(Req) ->
       handler_utils:send_error(Req1, Code, Message)
   end.
 
-%% @doc POST /v1/tickets — создание тикета.
+%% @doc POST /v1/tickets — создание/дедуп тикета.
 -spec create_ticket(cowboy_req:req()) -> {ok, binary(), cowboy_req:req()}.
 create_ticket(Req) ->
   case handler_utils:auth_user(Req) of
     {ok, UserId, Req1} ->
       {ok, Body, Req2} = cowboy_req:read_body(Req1),
       try jsx:decode(Body, [return_maps]) of
-        #{<<"error_message">> := _} = Data ->
-          TicketData = maps:merge(
-            #{<<"reporter_id">> => UserId, <<"status">> => <<"open">>},
-            Data
-          ),
-          case core_ticket:create_ticket(TicketData) of
+        #{<<"error_message">> := ErrorMessage} = Data ->
+          Stacktrace = maps:get(<<"stacktrace">>, Data, <<>>),
+          Source = resolve_source(Data, Stacktrace),
+          Context0 = maps:get(<<"context">>, Data, #{}),
+          Context = merge_context(Context0, UserId),
+          case logic_ticket:report_error(Source, ErrorMessage, Stacktrace, Context) of
             {ok, Ticket} ->
               handler_utils:send_json(Req2, 201, handler_utils:ticket_to_json(Ticket));
+            {error, rate_limited} ->
+              handler_utils:send_error(Req2, 429, <<"Too many new tickets">>);
             {error, Reason} ->
               handler_utils:send_error(Req2, 500, Reason)
           end;
@@ -143,4 +148,19 @@ create_ticket(Req) ->
       end;
     {error, Code, Message, Req1} ->
       handler_utils:send_error(Req1, Code, Message)
-  end.
+  end.
+
+resolve_source(#{<<"source">> := <<"frontend">>}, _) -> frontend;
+resolve_source(#{<<"source">> := <<"manual">>}, _) -> manual;
+resolve_source(#{<<"source">> := <<"backend">>}, _) -> backend;
+resolve_source(_, Stacktrace) when is_binary(Stacktrace), Stacktrace =/= <<>> ->
+  frontend;
+resolve_source(_, _) ->
+  manual.
+
+merge_context(Ctx, UserId) when is_map(Ctx) ->
+  Ctx#{<<"reporter_id">> => UserId};
+merge_context(Ctx, UserId) when is_binary(Ctx) ->
+  #{<<"reporter_id">> => UserId, <<"raw">> => Ctx};
+merge_context(_, UserId) ->
+  #{<<"reporter_id">> => UserId}.

src/handlers/handler_utils.erl

@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@
   subscription_to_json/1,
   trails_for_crud/4,
   is_superadmin/1,
-  pagination_headers/2
+  pagination_headers/2,
+  maybe_report_internal_error/3,
+  report_and_send_error/4
 ]).
 -export([admin_to_json/1, audit_to_json/1]).
 
@@ -91,15 +93,91 @@ send_json(Req, Status, Data, ExtraHeaders) ->
   Req1 = cowboy_req:reply(Status, Headers, Body, Req),
   {ok, Body, Req1}.
 
-%% @doc Отправляет JSON-ошибку.
--spec send_error(cowboy_req:req(), cowboy:http_status(), binary()) ->
+%% @doc Отправляет JSON-ошибку. При Status >= 500 асинхронно регистрирует тикет.
+-spec send_error(cowboy_req:req(), cowboy:http_status(), binary() | term()) ->
   {ok, binary(), cowboy_req:req()}.
+send_error(Req, Status, Message) when Status >= 500 ->
+  MsgBin = ensure_error_binary(Message),
+  maybe_report_internal_error(Req, MsgBin, #{}),
+  do_send_error(Req, Status, MsgBin);
 send_error(Req, Status, Message) ->
+  do_send_error(Req, Status, ensure_error_binary(Message)).
+
+%% @doc Отправить ошибку и явно зарегистрировать тикет с доп. контекстом.
+-spec report_and_send_error(cowboy_req:req(), cowboy:http_status(),
+    binary() | term(), map()) -> {ok, binary(), cowboy_req:req()}.
+report_and_send_error(Req, Status, Message, Context) when Status >= 500 ->
+  MsgBin = ensure_error_binary(Message),
+  maybe_report_internal_error(Req, MsgBin, Context),
+  do_send_error(Req, Status, MsgBin);
+report_and_send_error(Req, Status, Message, _Context) ->
+  do_send_error(Req, Status, ensure_error_binary(Message)).
+
+%% @doc Асинхронно зарегистрировать внутреннюю ошибку как тикет (backend).
+-spec maybe_report_internal_error(cowboy_req:req() | map(), binary() | term(), map()) -> ok.
+maybe_report_internal_error(ReqOrCtx, Message, ExtraContext) ->
+  case get(eventhub_reporting_ticket) of
+    true -> ok;
+    _ ->
+      case should_skip_ticket_report(ReqOrCtx) of
+        true -> ok;
+        false ->
+          MsgBin = ensure_error_binary(Message),
+          Context = maps:merge(request_error_context(ReqOrCtx), ExtraContext),
+          Stack = maps:get(<<"stacktrace">>, Context, <<>>),
+          Context1 = maps:remove(<<"stacktrace">>, Context),
+          spawn(fun() ->
+            try logic_ticket:report_error(backend, MsgBin, Stack, Context1)
+            catch
+              _:_ -> ok
+            end
+          end),
+          ok
+      end
+  end.
+
+should_skip_ticket_report(Ctx) when is_map(Ctx) ->
+  Route = maps:get(<<"route">>, Ctx, maps:get(route, Ctx, <<>>)),
+  is_ticket_route(ensure_error_binary(Route));
+should_skip_ticket_report(Req) ->
+  try is_ticket_route(cowboy_req:path(Req))
+  catch
+    _:_ -> false
+  end.
+
+is_ticket_route(Path) when is_binary(Path) ->
+  binary:match(Path, <<"/tickets">>) =/= nomatch;
+is_ticket_route(_) ->
+  false.
+
+do_send_error(Req, Status, Message) ->
   Body = jsx:encode(#{error => Message}),
   Headers = #{<<"content-type">> => <<"application/json">>},
   Req1 = cowboy_req:reply(Status, Headers, Body, Req),
   {ok, Body, Req1}.
 
+ensure_error_binary(V) when is_binary(V) -> V;
+ensure_error_binary(V) when is_atom(V) -> atom_to_binary(V, utf8);
+ensure_error_binary(V) when is_list(V) ->
+  try unicode:characters_to_binary(V)
+  catch _:_ -> list_to_binary(io_lib:format("~p", [V]))
+  end;
+ensure_error_binary(V) ->
+  list_to_binary(io_lib:format("~p", [V])).
+
+request_error_context(Ctx) when is_map(Ctx) -> Ctx;
+request_error_context(Req) ->
+  try
+    Method = cowboy_req:method(Req),
+    Path = cowboy_req:path(Req),
+    #{
+      <<"method">> => Method,
+      <<"route">> => Path
+    }
+  catch
+    _:_ -> #{}
+  end.
+
 %%%===================================================================
 %%% Парсинг параметров запроса
 %%%===================================================================
@@ -330,9 +408,15 @@ ticket_to_json(Ticket) ->
     status          => Ticket#ticket.status,
     assigned_to     => Ticket#ticket.assigned_to,
     resolution_note => Ticket#ticket.resolution_note,
-    closed_at       => datetime_to_iso8601(Ticket#ticket.closed_at)
+    closed_at       => datetime_to_iso8601(Ticket#ticket.closed_at),
+    source          => ticket_source(Ticket)
   }.
 
+ticket_source(#ticket{source = Source}) when is_binary(Source), Source =/= <<>> ->
+  Source;
+ticket_source(_) ->
+  <<"backend">>.
+
 %% @doc Преобразует #calendar{} в JSON-карту.
 -spec calendar_to_json(#calendar{}) -> map().
 calendar_to_json(Calendar) ->

src/infra/migration_engine.erl

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@
 %% Упорядоченный реестр миграций (добавлять новые модули в конец списка).
 -define(ALL_MIGRATIONS, [
   '20260501120000_base_schema',
-  '20260504150000_test_migration'
+  '20260504150000_test_migration',
+  '20260716230000_ticket_source_and_hash_index'
 ]).
 
 %% ------------------------------

src/logic/logic_ticket.erl

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 -include("records.hrl").
 
 -export([report_error/3,
+  report_error/4,
   get_ticket/2,
   list_tickets/1,
   list_tickets_by_status/2,
@@ -12,40 +13,57 @@
   get_statistics/1]).
 -export([delete_ticket/2]).
 -export([get_user_ticket/2]).
+-export([compute_error_hash/3]).
 
-%% Зарегистрировать ошибку (создать или обновить тикет)
+-define(STACK_FINGERPRINT_MAX, 500).
+-define(NEW_TICKET_RATE_LIMIT, 30).
+-define(RATE_WINDOW_MS, 60000).
+-define(RATE_ETS, eventhub_ticket_rate).
+
+%% Зарегистрировать ошибку (source по умолчанию backend)
 report_error(ErrorMessage, Stacktrace, Context) ->
-  Existing = [T || T <- core_ticket:list_all(), T#ticket.error_message =:= ErrorMessage],
-  case Existing of
-    [Ticket] ->
-      % Увеличить счётчик и обновить last_seen
-      Updated = Ticket#ticket{
-        count = Ticket#ticket.count + 1,
-        last_seen = calendar:universal_time()
-      },
-      mnesia:dirty_write(Updated),
-      {ok, Updated};
+  report_error(backend, ErrorMessage, Stacktrace, Context).
+
+%% @doc Создать или обновить тикет по error_hash.
+%% Source: backend | frontend | manual (atom или binary).
+report_error(Source0, ErrorMessage0, Stacktrace0, Context0) ->
+  case get(eventhub_reporting_ticket) of
+    true ->
+      {error, reporting_recursion};
+    _ ->
+      put(eventhub_reporting_ticket, true),
+      try
+        do_report_error(Source0, ErrorMessage0, Stacktrace0, Context0)
+      after
+        erase(eventhub_reporting_ticket)
+      end
+  end.
+
+do_report_error(Source0, ErrorMessage0, Stacktrace0, Context0) ->
+  Source = normalize_source(Source0),
+  ErrorMessage = ensure_binary(ErrorMessage0),
+  Stacktrace = ensure_binary(Stacktrace0),
+  ContextMap = normalize_context(Context0),
+  ReporterId = maps:get(<<"reporter_id">>, ContextMap,
+    maps:get(reporter_id, ContextMap, <<"anonymous">>)),
+  ReporterIdBin = ensure_binary(ReporterId),
+  Hash = compute_error_hash(Source, ErrorMessage, Stacktrace, ReporterIdBin),
+  ContextBin = encode_context(ContextMap#{<<"source">> => Source}),
+  case find_open_by_hash(Hash) of
+    [Ticket | _] ->
+      bump_ticket(Ticket, Stacktrace, ContextBin);
     [] ->
-      ReporterId = maps:get(<<"reporter_id">>, Context,
-        maps:get(reporter_id, Context, <<"anonymous">>)),
-      Data = #{
-        <<"reporter_id">> => ReporterId,
-        <<"error_message">> => ErrorMessage,
-        <<"stacktrace">> => Stacktrace,
-        <<"context">> => list_to_binary(io_lib:format("~p", [Context]))
-      },
-      case core_ticket:create_ticket(Data) of
-        {ok, Ticket} = Result ->
-          % Уведомление администраторов (заглушка)
-          notify_admins(Ticket),
-          Result;
-        Error -> Error
+      case allow_new_ticket() of
+        false ->
+          {error, rate_limited};
+        true ->
+          create_and_notify(ReporterIdBin, Hash, ErrorMessage, Stacktrace, ContextBin, Source)
       end
   end.
 
 %% Получить тикет, проверяя, что пользователь является репортером
 get_user_ticket(UserId, TicketId) ->
-  case core_ticket:get_by_id(TicketId) of   % используем базовую функцию без проверки прав
+  case core_ticket:get_by_id(TicketId) of
     {ok, Ticket} ->
       case Ticket#ticket.reporter_id =:= UserId of
         true  -> {ok, Ticket};
@@ -149,7 +167,168 @@ normalize_status(Status) when is_binary(Status) ->
   catch error:badarg -> Status
   end.
 
-%% ============ Вспомогательные функции ============
+%% ============ Hash / dedupe ============
 
-notify_admins(_Ticket) ->
-  ok.
+-spec compute_error_hash(binary() | atom(), binary(), binary()) -> binary().
+compute_error_hash(Source, ErrorMessage, Stacktrace) ->
+  compute_error_hash(Source, ErrorMessage, Stacktrace, <<"anonymous">>).
+
+compute_error_hash(Source0, ErrorMessage, Stacktrace, ReporterId) ->
+  Source = normalize_source(Source0),
+  Msg = normalize_message(ErrorMessage),
+  Fingerprint = stack_fingerprint(Stacktrace),
+  Payload = case Source of
+    <<"manual">> ->
+      <<"manual:", ReporterId/binary, ":", Msg/binary>>;
+    _ ->
+      <<Source/binary, ":", Msg/binary, ":", Fingerprint/binary>>
+  end,
+  HashBin = crypto:hash(sha256, Payload),
+  binary:encode_hex(HashBin, lowercase).
+
+stack_fingerprint(<<>>) -> <<>>;
+stack_fingerprint(Stack) when is_binary(Stack) ->
+  Normalized = re:replace(Stack, <<"0x[0-9a-fA-F]+">>, <<"0x*">>,
+    [global, {return, binary}]),
+  case byte_size(Normalized) > ?STACK_FINGERPRINT_MAX of
+    true  -> binary_part(Normalized, 0, ?STACK_FINGERPRINT_MAX);
+    false -> Normalized
+  end;
+stack_fingerprint(_) -> <<>>.
+
+normalize_message(Msg) when is_binary(Msg) ->
+  string:trim(Msg);
+normalize_message(Msg) ->
+  string:trim(ensure_binary(Msg)).
+
+find_open_by_hash(Hash) ->
+  Candidates = try
+    mnesia:dirty_index_read(ticket, Hash, #ticket.error_hash)
+  catch
+    _:_ ->
+      [T || T <- core_ticket:list_all(), T#ticket.error_hash =:= Hash]
+  end,
+  [T || T <- Candidates,
+        lists:member(normalize_status(T#ticket.status), [open, in_progress])].
+
+bump_ticket(Ticket, Stacktrace, ContextBin) ->
+  Updated0 = Ticket#ticket{
+    count = Ticket#ticket.count + 1,
+    last_seen = calendar:universal_time()
+  },
+  Updated1 = case Updated0#ticket.stacktrace =:= <<>> andalso Stacktrace =/= <<>> of
+    true  -> Updated0#ticket{stacktrace = Stacktrace};
+    false -> Updated0
+  end,
+  Updated = case Updated1#ticket.context =:= <<>> andalso ContextBin =/= <<>> of
+    true  -> Updated1#ticket{context = ContextBin};
+    false -> Updated1
+  end,
+  mnesia:dirty_write(Updated),
+  {ok, Updated}.
+
+create_and_notify(ReporterId, Hash, ErrorMessage, Stacktrace, ContextBin, Source) ->
+  Data = #{
+    <<"reporter_id">> => ReporterId,
+    <<"error_hash">> => Hash,
+    <<"error_message">> => ErrorMessage,
+    <<"stacktrace">> => Stacktrace,
+    <<"context">> => ContextBin,
+    <<"source">> => Source
+  },
+  case core_ticket:create_ticket(Data) of
+    {ok, Ticket} = Result ->
+      notify_admins(Ticket),
+      Result;
+    Error -> Error
+  end.
+
+%% ============ Rate limit (new tickets only) ============
+
+allow_new_ticket() ->
+  ensure_rate_ets(),
+  Now = erlang:monotonic_time(millisecond),
+  WindowStart = Now - ?RATE_WINDOW_MS,
+  ets:insert(?RATE_ETS, {Now, true}),
+  ets:select_delete(?RATE_ETS, [{{'$1', '_'}, [{'<', '$1', WindowStart}], [true]}]),
+  Count = ets:info(?RATE_ETS, size),
+  Count =< ?NEW_TICKET_RATE_LIMIT.
+
+ensure_rate_ets() ->
+  case ets:info(?RATE_ETS) of
+    undefined ->
+      try
+        ets:new(?RATE_ETS, [named_table, public, set, {write_concurrency, true}])
+      catch
+        error:badarg -> ok
+      end;
+    _ -> ok
+  end.
+
+%% ============ Notify ============
+
+notify_admins(Ticket) ->
+  logic_notification:notify_admin(ticket_created, #{
+    ticket_id => Ticket#ticket.id,
+    error_message => Ticket#ticket.error_message,
+    error_hash => Ticket#ticket.error_hash,
+    source => Ticket#ticket.source,
+    count => Ticket#ticket.count,
+    status => Ticket#ticket.status
+  }),
+  ok.
+
+%% ============ Helpers ============
+
+normalize_source(backend) -> <<"backend">>;
+normalize_source(frontend) -> <<"frontend">>;
+normalize_source(manual) -> <<"manual">>;
+normalize_source(<<"backend">>) -> <<"backend">>;
+normalize_source(<<"frontend">>) -> <<"frontend">>;
+normalize_source(<<"manual">>) -> <<"manual">>;
+normalize_source(_) -> <<"backend">>.
+
+normalize_context(Ctx) when is_map(Ctx) ->
+  maps:fold(fun(K, V, Acc) ->
+    Acc#{ensure_binary(K) => V}
+  end, #{}, Ctx);
+normalize_context(Ctx) when is_binary(Ctx) ->
+  try jsx:decode(Ctx, [return_maps]) of
+    Map when is_map(Map) -> Map;
+    _ -> #{<<"raw">> => Ctx}
+  catch
+    _:_ -> #{<<"raw">> => Ctx}
+  end;
+normalize_context(Ctx) ->
+  #{<<"raw">> => list_to_binary(io_lib:format("~p", [Ctx]))}.
+
+encode_context(Map) when is_map(Map) ->
+  try jsx:encode(sanitize_for_json(Map))
+  catch
+    _:_ -> list_to_binary(io_lib:format("~p", [Map]))
+  end.
+
+sanitize_for_json(Map) when is_map(Map) ->
+  maps:fold(fun(K, V, Acc) ->
+    Acc#{ensure_binary(K) => sanitize_value(V)}
+  end, #{}, Map).
+
+sanitize_value(V) when is_binary(V); is_integer(V); is_float(V); is_boolean(V); V =:= null ->
+  V;
+sanitize_value(V) when is_atom(V) ->
+  atom_to_binary(V, utf8);
+sanitize_value(V) when is_list(V) ->
+  case io_lib:printable_unicode_list(V) of
+    true  -> unicode:characters_to_binary(V);
+    false -> [sanitize_value(X) || X <- V]
+  end;
+sanitize_value(V) when is_map(V) ->
+  sanitize_for_json(V);
+sanitize_value(V) ->
+  list_to_binary(io_lib:format("~p", [V])).
+
+ensure_binary(V) when is_binary(V) -> V;
+ensure_binary(V) when is_atom(V) -> atom_to_binary(V, utf8);
+ensure_binary(V) when is_list(V) -> unicode:characters_to_binary(V);
+ensure_binary(V) when is_integer(V) -> integer_to_binary(V);
+ensure_binary(V) -> list_to_binary(io_lib:format("~p", [V])).

src/migrations/20260716230000_ticket_source_and_hash_index.erl

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+%% @doc Add ticket.source field and index on error_hash.
+%% No-op if `ticket` table is absent (e.g. migration_engine unit tests).
+-module('20260716230000_ticket_source_and_hash_index').
+
+-export([up/0, down/0]).
+
+-include("records.hrl").
+
+up() ->
+  case ticket_table_exists() of
+    false ->
+      ok;
+    true ->
+      ensure_source_field(),
+      ensure_error_hash_index(),
+      ok
+  end.
+
+down() ->
+  case ticket_table_exists() of
+    false ->
+      ok;
+    true ->
+      case catch mnesia:del_table_index(ticket, error_hash) of
+        {atomic, ok} -> ok;
+        {aborted, {no_exists, _}} -> ok;
+        {aborted, {no_exists, _, _}} -> ok;
+        _ -> ok
+      end
+  end.
+
+ticket_table_exists() ->
+  try lists:member(ticket, mnesia:system_info(tables))
+  catch
+    _:_ -> false
+  end.
+
+ensure_source_field() ->
+  Attrs = mnesia:table_info(ticket, attributes),
+  case lists:member(source, Attrs) of
+    true ->
+      ok;
+    false ->
+      Fun = fun(Rec) ->
+        case tuple_size(Rec) of
+          14 ->
+            %% ticket + 13 fields (pre-source)
+            list_to_tuple(tuple_to_list(Rec) ++ [<<"backend">>]);
+          _ ->
+            Rec
+        end
+      end,
+      case mnesia:transform_table(ticket, Fun, record_info(fields, ticket)) of
+        {atomic, ok} -> ok;
+        {aborted, Reason} -> error({transform_ticket_failed, Reason})
+      end
+  end.
+
+ensure_error_hash_index() ->
+  Indexes = mnesia:table_info(ticket, index),
+  HasIndex = lists:any(fun
+    (error_hash) -> true;
+    (N) when is_integer(N) -> N =:= #ticket.error_hash;
+    (_) -> false
+  end, Indexes),
+  case HasIndex of
+    true ->
+      ok;
+    false ->
+      case mnesia:add_table_index(ticket, error_hash) of
+        {atomic, ok} -> ok;
+        {aborted, {already_exists, _}} -> ok;
+        {aborted, {already_exists, _, _}} -> ok;
+        {aborted, Reason} -> error({add_index_failed, Reason})
+      end
+  end.

test/api/users/user_tickets_tests.erl

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ test() ->
     #{error_message => <<"Something broke">>, stacktrace => <<"line 42">>}),
 
   test_create_ticket(Token),
+  test_create_ticket_dedupe(Token),
+  test_create_ticket_manual(Token),
   test_create_ticket_missing_fields(Token),
   test_create_ticket_unauthorized(),
   test_list_tickets(Token, TicketId),
@@ -47,7 +49,6 @@ test() ->
 
   ct:pal("=== All user tickets tests passed ==="),
   ok.
-
 %%%===================================================================
 %%% Тестовые функции
 %%%===================================================================
@@ -57,13 +58,57 @@ test() ->
 test_create_ticket(Token) ->
   ct:pal("  TEST: Create a ticket"),
   Resp = api_test_runner:client_request(post, <<"/v1/tickets">>, Token,
-    jsx:encode(#{error_message => <<"Test bug">>, stacktrace => <<"trace">>})),
+    jsx:encode(#{
+      error_message => <<"Test bug">>,
+      stacktrace => <<"trace">>,
+      source => <<"frontend">>,
+      context => #{route => <<"/test">>, build => <<"dev">>}
+    })),
   {ok, 201, _, Body} = Resp,
-  #{<<"id">> := Id, <<"status">> := Status} = jsx:decode(list_to_binary(Body), [return_maps]),
+  Decoded = jsx:decode(list_to_binary(Body), [return_maps]),
+  #{<<"id">> := Id, <<"status">> := Status, <<"source">> := Source, <<"error_hash">> := Hash} = Decoded,
   ?assert(is_binary(Id)),
   ?assertEqual(<<"open">>, Status),
+  ?assertEqual(<<"frontend">>, Source),
+  ?assert(is_binary(Hash)),
+  ?assert(byte_size(Hash) > 0),
   ct:pal("    OK: ticket ~s created", [Id]).
 
+%% @doc Повторный POST с тем же сообщением увеличивает count.
+-spec test_create_ticket_dedupe(binary()) -> ok.
+test_create_ticket_dedupe(Token) ->
+  ct:pal("  TEST: Dedupe ticket by hash"),
+  Payload = jsx:encode(#{
+    error_message => <<"Dedupe me">>,
+    stacktrace => <<"same stack">>,
+    source => <<"frontend">>
+  }),
+  {ok, 201, _, Body1} = api_test_runner:client_request(post, <<"/v1/tickets">>, Token, Payload),
+  #{<<"id">> := Id1, <<"count">> := Count1} = jsx:decode(list_to_binary(Body1), [return_maps]),
+  {ok, 201, _, Body2} = api_test_runner:client_request(post, <<"/v1/tickets">>, Token, Payload),
+  #{<<"id">> := Id2, <<"count">> := Count2} = jsx:decode(list_to_binary(Body2), [return_maps]),
+  ?assertEqual(Id1, Id2),
+  ?assertEqual(Count1 + 1, Count2),
+  ct:pal("    OK: count bumped to ~p", [Count2]).
+
+%% @doc Ручной клиентский репорт: source=manual без stacktrace.
+-spec test_create_ticket_manual(binary()) -> ok.
+test_create_ticket_manual(Token) ->
+  ct:pal("  TEST: Create manual ticket"),
+  Resp = api_test_runner:client_request(post, <<"/v1/tickets">>, Token,
+    jsx:encode(#{
+      error_message => <<"Button does nothing">>,
+      source => <<"manual">>,
+      context => #{steps => <<"1. Open calendar\n2. Click share">>}
+    })),
+  {ok, 201, _, Body} = Resp,
+  #{<<"source">> := Source, <<"error_hash">> := Hash} =
+    jsx:decode(list_to_binary(Body), [return_maps]),
+  ?assertEqual(<<"manual">>, Source),
+  ?assert(is_binary(Hash)),
+  ?assert(byte_size(Hash) > 0),
+  ct:pal("    OK: manual ticket created").
+
 %% @doc Отсутствие обязательного поля error_message: 400 Bad Request.
 -spec test_create_ticket_missing_fields(binary()) -> ok.
 test_create_ticket_missing_fields(Token) ->

test/unit/handler_ticket_auto_report_tests.erl

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+-module(handler_ticket_auto_report_tests).
+-include_lib("eunit/include/eunit.hrl").
+-include("records.hrl").
+
+%% ----------------------------------------------------------------
+%% Фикстуры
+%% ----------------------------------------------------------------
+setup() ->
+  catch mnesia:stop(),
+  case mnesia:start() of
+    {atomic, ok} -> ok;
+    ok           -> ok
+  end,
+  {atomic, ok} = mnesia:create_table(ticket, [
+    {attributes, record_info(fields, ticket)}, {ram_copies, [node()]}]),
+  %% rate-limit ETS может остаться между тестами
+  catch ets:delete(eventhub_ticket_rate),
+  ok.
+
+cleanup(_) ->
+  catch mnesia:delete_table(ticket),
+  catch ets:delete(eventhub_ticket_rate),
+  mnesia:stop().
+
+%% ----------------------------------------------------------------
+%% Тесты: авто-регистрация backend-ошибок через handler_utils
+%% ----------------------------------------------------------------
+handler_ticket_auto_report_test_() ->
+  {foreach, fun setup/0, fun cleanup/1, [
+    {"maybe_report creates backend ticket async", fun test_maybe_report_creates/0},
+    {"maybe_report skips /tickets routes",       fun test_maybe_report_skips_tickets/0},
+    {"duplicate maybe_report bumps count",       fun test_maybe_report_dedupe/0}
+  ]}.
+
+test_maybe_report_creates() ->
+  Before = length(core_ticket:list_all()),
+  ok = handler_utils:maybe_report_internal_error(
+    #{<<"route">> => <<"/v1/calendars">>, <<"method">> => <<"GET">>},
+    <<"simulated_500">>,
+    #{}
+  ),
+  Ticket = wait_for_ticket(<<"simulated_500">>, 20),
+  ?assertEqual(Before + 1, length(core_ticket:list_all())),
+  ?assertEqual(<<"backend">>, Ticket#ticket.source),
+  ?assert(is_binary(Ticket#ticket.error_hash)),
+  ?assert(byte_size(Ticket#ticket.error_hash) > 0).
+
+test_maybe_report_skips_tickets() ->
+  Before = length(core_ticket:list_all()),
+  ok = handler_utils:maybe_report_internal_error(
+    #{<<"route">> => <<"/v1/tickets">>, <<"method">> => <<"POST">>},
+    <<"ticket_path_should_not_report">>,
+    #{}
+  ),
+  timer:sleep(200),
+  ?assertEqual(Before, length(core_ticket:list_all())).
+
+test_maybe_report_dedupe() ->
+  Msg = <<"same_backend_error">>,
+  ok = handler_utils:maybe_report_internal_error(
+    #{<<"route">> => <<"/v1/events">>, <<"method">> => <<"POST">>}, Msg, #{}),
+  T1 = wait_for_ticket(Msg, 20),
+  ok = handler_utils:maybe_report_internal_error(
+    #{<<"route">> => <<"/v1/events">>, <<"method">> => <<"POST">>}, Msg, #{}),
+  T2 = wait_for_ticket_count(Msg, 2, 20),
+  ?assertEqual(T1#ticket.id, T2#ticket.id),
+  ?assertEqual(2, T2#ticket.count).
+
+%% ----------------------------------------------------------------
+%% Helpers
+%% ----------------------------------------------------------------
+wait_for_ticket(Msg, 0) ->
+  error({timeout_waiting_ticket, Msg});
+wait_for_ticket(Msg, Retries) ->
+  case [T || T <- core_ticket:list_all(), T#ticket.error_message =:= Msg] of
+    [T | _] -> T;
+    [] ->
+      timer:sleep(50),
+      wait_for_ticket(Msg, Retries - 1)
+  end.
+
+wait_for_ticket_count(Msg, MinCount, 0) ->
+  error({timeout_waiting_count, Msg, MinCount});
+wait_for_ticket_count(Msg, MinCount, Retries) ->
+  case [T || T <- core_ticket:list_all(), T#ticket.error_message =:= Msg] of
+    [T | _] when T#ticket.count >= MinCount -> T;
+    _ ->
+      timer:sleep(50),
+      wait_for_ticket_count(Msg, MinCount, Retries - 1)
+  end.

test/unit/logic_ticket_tests.erl

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ logic_ticket_test_() ->
   {foreach, fun setup/0, fun cleanup/1, [
     {"Report error creates ticket",              fun test_report_error/0},
     {"Report duplicate error increments count",  fun test_report_duplicate/0},
+    {"Report after close creates new ticket",    fun test_report_after_close/0},
+    {"Frontend source set on ticket",            fun test_report_frontend_source/0},
     {"List tickets as admin",                    fun test_list_tickets/0},
     {"List tickets as non-admin returns error",  fun test_list_tickets_forbidden/0},
     {"Update status as admin",                   fun test_update_status/0},
@@ -55,12 +57,18 @@ logic_ticket_test_() ->
 report(ErrorMsg) ->
   logic_ticket:report_error(ErrorMsg, <<"stack">>, #{<<"reporter_id">> => <<"user1">>}).
 
+report(Source, ErrorMsg) ->
+  logic_ticket:report_error(Source, ErrorMsg, <<"stack">>, #{<<"reporter_id">> => <<"user1">>}).
+
 %% --- Тесты ---
 
 test_report_error() ->
   {ok, Ticket} = report(<<"Error1">>),
   ?assertEqual(<<"Error1">>, Ticket#ticket.error_message),
-  ?assertEqual(1, Ticket#ticket.count).
+  ?assertEqual(1, Ticket#ticket.count),
+  ?assertEqual(<<"backend">>, Ticket#ticket.source),
+  ?assert(is_binary(Ticket#ticket.error_hash)),
+  ?assert(byte_size(Ticket#ticket.error_hash) > 0).
 
 test_report_duplicate() ->
   {ok, T1} = report(<<"Dup">>),
@@ -70,6 +78,17 @@ test_report_duplicate() ->
   % Проверяем, что это тот же тикет, а не новый
   ?assertEqual(T1#ticket.id, T2#ticket.id).
 
+test_report_after_close() ->
+  {ok, T1} = report(<<"ClosedThenAgain">>),
+  {ok, _} = logic_ticket:close_ticket(<<"admin1">>, T1#ticket.id),
+  {ok, T2} = report(<<"ClosedThenAgain">>),
+  ?assertEqual(1, T2#ticket.count),
+  ?assertNotEqual(T1#ticket.id, T2#ticket.id).
+
+test_report_frontend_source() ->
+  {ok, Ticket} = report(frontend, <<"FE crash">>),
+  ?assertEqual(<<"frontend">>, Ticket#ticket.source).
+
 test_list_tickets() ->
   {ok, _} = report(<<"E1">>),
   Tickets = logic_ticket:list_tickets(<<"admin1">>),

test/unit/migration_engine_tests.erl

@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ test_ensure_applied() ->
   ?assertEqual([], maps:get(pending, Status)),
   Applied = maps:get(applied, Status),
   ?assert(lists:member("20260501120000_base_schema", Applied)),
-  ?assert(lists:member("20260504150000_test_migration", Applied)).
+  ?assert(lists:member("20260504150000_test_migration", Applied)),
+  ?assert(lists:member("20260716230000_ticket_source_and_hash_index", Applied)).
 
 test_ensure_applied_idempotent() ->
   ?assertEqual(ok, migration_engine:ensure_applied()),
@@ -58,6 +59,8 @@ test_join_wait() ->
       version = "20260501120000_base_schema", applied_at = Now}),
     mnesia:dirty_write(#schema_migration{
       version = "20260504150000_test_migration", applied_at = Now}),
+    mnesia:dirty_write(#schema_migration{
+      version = "20260716230000_ticket_source_and_hash_index", applied_at = Now}),
     mnesia:dirty_delete({schema_migration, ?LOCK_VERSION})
   end),
   ?assertEqual(ok, migration_engine:ensure_applied()).