Обновление схемы данных без потерь #17

include/records.hrl

@@ -241,4 +241,9 @@
   entity_id   :: binary(),
   value       :: integer() | {integer(), integer()},
   timestamp   :: calendar:datetime()
+}).
+
+-record(schema_migration, {
+  version     :: string(),
+  applied_at  :: calendar:datetime()
 }).

src/infra/infra_mnesia.erl

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
   review, report, banned_word,
   ticket, subscription,
   admin_audit, notification,
-  stats
+  stats, schema_migration
 ]).
 
 -define(DISC_TABLES, ?TABLES -- [session, admin_session]).
@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ handle_call(init_tables, _From, State) ->
   ok = create_indices(),
   ok = stats_collector:subscribe(),
   ok = start_cleanup_timer(),
+  ok = migration_engine:init_migrations_table(),
+  _ = migration_engine:apply_pending(),
   {reply, ok, State};
 
 handle_call({add_nodes, Nodes}, _From, State) ->
@@ -215,6 +217,7 @@ table_opts(subscription) -> [{disc_copies, [node()]}, {attributes, record_info(f
 table_opts(admin_audit) -> [{disc_copies, [node()]}, {attributes, record_info(fields, admin_audit)}];
 table_opts(notification) -> [{disc_copies, [node()]}, {attributes, record_info(fields, notification)}];
 table_opts(stats) -> [{disc_copies, [node()]}, {attributes, record_info(fields, stats)}];
+table_opts(schema_migration) -> [{disc_copies, [node()]}, {attributes, record_info(fields, schema_migration)}];
 table_opts(session) -> [{ram_copies, [node()]}, {attributes, record_info(fields, session)}];
 table_opts(admin_session) -> [{ram_copies, [node()]}, {attributes, record_info(fields, admin_session)}].
 

src/infra/infra_sup.erl

@@ -32,6 +32,12 @@ init([]) ->
       restart  => permanent,
       shutdown => 5000,
       type     => worker,
-      modules  => [archive_manager]}
+      modules  => [archive_manager]},
+    #{id => migration_engine,
+      start => {migration_engine, start_link, []},
+      restart => permanent,
+      shutdown => 5000,
+      type => worker,
+      modules => [migration_engine]}
   ],
   {ok, {SupFlags, Children}}.

src/infra/migration_engine.erl

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+-module(migration_engine).
+-behaviour(gen_server).
+
+-include("records.hrl").
+
+%% API
+-export([start_link/0, init_migrations_table/0, apply_pending/0,
+  rollback/1, status/0]).
+
+%% gen_server callbacks
+-export([init/1, handle_call/3, handle_cast/2, handle_info/2,
+  terminate/2, code_change/3]).
+
+-define(TABLE, schema_migrations).
+
+%% ------------------------------
+%% API
+%% ------------------------------
+
+start_link() ->
+  gen_server:start_link({local, ?MODULE}, ?MODULE, [], []).
+
+init_migrations_table() ->
+  gen_server:call(?MODULE, init_table).
+
+apply_pending() ->
+  gen_server:call(?MODULE, apply_pending).
+
+rollback(Version) ->
+  gen_server:call(?MODULE, {rollback, Version}).
+
+status() ->
+  gen_server:call(?MODULE, status).
+
+%% ------------------------------
+%% gen_server callbacks
+%% ------------------------------
+
+init([]) ->
+  {ok, #{}}.
+
+handle_call(init_table, _From, State) ->
+  case lists:member(?TABLE, mnesia:system_info(tables)) of
+    true -> ok;
+    false ->
+      mnesia:create_table(?TABLE, [
+        {disc_copies, [node()]},
+        {attributes, record_info(fields, schema_migration)},
+        {type, set}
+      ])
+  end,
+  {reply, ok, State};
+
+handle_call(apply_pending, _From, State) ->
+  Result = do_apply_pending(),
+  {reply, Result, State};
+
+handle_call({rollback, Version}, _From, State) ->
+  Result = do_rollback(Version),
+  {reply, Result, State};
+
+handle_call(status, _From, State) ->
+  Applied = applied_versions(),
+  Pending = pending_versions() -- Applied,
+  {reply, #{applied => lists:map(fun atom_to_list/1, Applied),
+    pending => lists:map(fun atom_to_list/1, Pending)}, State}.
+
+handle_cast(_Msg, State) -> {noreply, State}.
+handle_info(_Msg, State) -> {noreply, State}.
+terminate(_Reason, _State) -> ok.
+code_change(_OldVsn, State, _Extra) -> {ok, State}.
+
+%% ------------------------------
+%% Внутренняя логика
+%% ------------------------------
+
+do_apply_pending() ->
+  Pending = pending_versions() -- applied_versions(),
+  lists:foreach(fun(Module) -> code:ensure_loaded(Module) end, Pending),
+  lists:foldl(fun(Version, Acc) ->
+    try Version:up() of
+      _ -> mark_applied(Version), Acc
+    catch _:Reason ->
+      [{error, atom_to_list(Version), Reason} | Acc]
+    end
+              end, [], Pending).
+
+do_rollback(TargetStr) ->
+  Target = list_to_atom(TargetStr),
+  Applied = applied_versions(),
+  ToRollback = lists:sort(fun(A,B) -> A > B end,
+    [V || V <- Applied, V > Target]),
+  lists:foreach(fun(Version) ->
+    code:ensure_loaded(Version),
+    try Version:down() of
+      _ -> unmark_applied(Version)
+    catch _:Reason ->
+      throw({rollback_failed, atom_to_list(Version), Reason})
+    end
+                end, ToRollback).
+
+applied_versions() ->
+  [list_to_atom(V) || #schema_migration{version = V} <-
+    mnesia:dirty_match_object(#schema_migration{_ = '_'})].
+
+pending_versions() ->
+  AllMods = code:all_available(),
+  [list_to_atom(Module) || Module <- extract_module_names(AllMods), lists:prefix("20", Module)].
+
+extract_module_names(ModInfoList) ->
+  [Name || {Name, _, _} <- ModInfoList].
+
+mark_applied(Version) ->
+  mnesia:dirty_write(#schema_migration{
+    version = atom_to_list(Version),
+    applied_at = calendar:local_time()
+  }).
+
+unmark_applied(Version) ->
+  mnesia:dirty_delete({?TABLE, atom_to_list(Version)}).

src/migrations/20260501120000_base_schema.erl

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+-module('20260501120000_base_schema').
+
+-export([up/0, down/0]).
+
+up() -> ok.
+down() -> ok.

src/migrations/20260504150000_test_migration.erl

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+-module('20260504150000_test_migration').
+
+-export([up/0, down/0]).
+
+up() ->
+  io:format("Test migration UP applied!~n"),
+  ok.
+
+down() ->
+  io:format("Test migration DOWN applied!~n"),
+  ok.

src/migrations/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Миграции схемы данных EventHub
+
+## Применение миграций
+При старте приложения автоматически выполняются все неприменённые миграции.
+Для ручного запуска можно вызвать:
+migration_engine:apply_pending().
+
+## Создание новой миграции
+1. Создайте файл в `priv/migrations/` с именем вида `YYYYMMDDHHMMSS_описание.erl`.
+2. Реализуйте поведение `db_migration` (функции `up/0` и `down/0`).
+3. При очередном запуске приложения миграция будет применена.
+
+## Откат миграций
+    migration_engine:rollback("20260501120000_base_schema").
+
+## Плавающее обновление (rolling update)
+1. Переведите узел в режим обслуживания.
+2. Выполните бэкап: `mnesia:backup("backup_node.bak")`.
+3. Обновите код приложения (git pull / rsync).
+4. Перезапустите узел – миграции применятся автоматически.
+5. Убедитесь в согласованности данных.
+6. Верните узел в работу.
+7. Повторите для остальных узлов.